Heteroisotherapics effect on the treatment against smoking: a cognitive-behavioral approach

The most common way of consuming nicotine is in tobacco cigarettes. Nicotine causes intense addiction. The National Cancer Institute coordinates and executes the Tobacco Control Program in Brazil, through actions that encourage the adoption of healthier lifestyles. In this context, homeopathy has used Heteroisotherapic medicines formulated according to the homeopathic pharmaceutical technology with scientific evidence of efficacy in the detoxification of substances and metals, and in the desensitization of foods or medicines. Aims Promote the importance of the cognitive-behavioral approach in combination with the homeopathic treatment against smoking. Methodology In the initial phase of the randomized double-blind clinical study (CEP / HUCFF / UFRJ 65622916.2.0000.5257), the effectiveness of the 6CH heteroisotherapeutic drug was assessed. Volunteers were recruited andin-person welcoming meetings, using the cognitive-behavioral approach, were carried out to inform them about the risks of smoking and the benefits of quitting. In addition, they were supported and guided during the smoking cessation process so that they could deal with the withdrawal syndrome, the psychological dependence and the constraints associated with smoking. Results and discussion84 participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and divided by randomization into two groups:the Test Group (heteroisotherapeutic medication) and the Control Group (homeopathic medication Nux vomica6CH).Both groups will be followed for 12 months. The combination of the following approaches has led to a significant increase in the cessation rate: I.Prepare the smoker for solving his own issues; II. Stimulate skills to resist temptations to smoke; III. Prepare to prevent relapse; IV. Prepare to deal with stress. Studies show that, regardless the duration of these approaches, there is an increase in the abstinence rate. Moreover, the longer the total approach time (frequency multiplied by the time spent on each contact), the higher the abstinence rate. On the other hand, from a total approach time of 90 minutes on, there is no further increase in the abstinence rate. ConclusionThe partial results obtained so far demonstrate that the cognitive-behavioral approach played a decisive role in the groups performance, favoring the treatment adherence as well as the group cohesion around the Project's objective, contributing to the effectiveness of the medicine, a decreased anxiety, improved sleep, cessation or decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the abstinence rate.

Exposure of Artemia salinato glyphosate and bioremediation by isotherapy

Artemia salina, an ecotoxicity bioindicator, isa microcrustacean belonging to the order Anostraca. Glyphosate is an herbicide widely used to control weeds. However, its intoxication can cause serious damage to human health and the balance of the environment, given its effects as an endocrine disruptor.Objective:verify the possible protection of the artemia exposed to glyphosate by the addition of its isotherapic into water, by means of the evaluation of the behavioral and morphological features of nauplii and of the physical properties of remedies andtreated water, to elucidate the involved mechanisms. Methods:Artemia salinacysts were kept in culture bottles containing artificial seawatercontaining glyphosate at LC 10 (lethal concentration 10%), to promote hatching within 48 hours. The isotherapic preparations were inserted in each bottle in a 10% of the total water volume. Part of the nauplii was distributed in transparent tubes, being 10 nauplii per tube and 6 tubes per group, for behavioral analysis, and part were collected for a detailed morphological analysis, under an optical microscope. About 80 to 270 nauplii were analyzed per group. The reserved water was divided into aliquots for physicochemical analysis, that is, evaluation of the water dipole behavior by Cartwright ́s method.Results:Gly 6cH presented selective effects on nauplii hatching (p=0.02) and on defected/healthy ratio (p=0.001), representing some protective action. This result was dependent of the salinity of water and presented correspondence with the effects on solvatochromic dyes, indicating that charges and ions can be critical factors involved in the mechanism of action. We concluded that the use of isotherapics could be a plausible tool to reduce the environmental impact of the indiscriminate use of glyphosate, since these results can be reproduced in further studies.

Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma Complete Remission After Treatment with Isopathic medicine: a case repor

Feline injection-site sarcomas (FISS) were described for the first time in 1991. They are neoplasms of mesenchymal origin that appear in body regions routinely used for the application of vaccines or other injections [1]. Those are very aggressive tumours that relapse and have a high rate of mortality. The tumour can appear between 3 months and 3 years after the injection, but in some cases, it can happen after 15 years of the vaccineor otherinjections. Isopathy is one approach of homeopathy, in which the biological agent thatcausesa disease are prepared in high dilution to treat the same disease. This case report is about a 13-year-old mix breed spay cat. In September 2019 it received the vaccine Rabsin® (Boehringer Ingelheim) and 4 months later the owner noticed a lump at the injection area. One year later (September 2020) the lump start growing rapidly and on January 12th, 2021,started the appointments.The other veterinarians recommend euthanasia since the tumour was very bigand the catwasnot mild, was losing weightand appetite. The owner wanted to try another treatment before euthanasia since the cat was still active, interacting with the other cat and the people at the house.The lump was located on her back, in the end of the right ribcage, and it was around 7cm of diameter. It wasfirmandattachedto the muscles. AnIsopathy medicine with the same vaccinewas prepared, being the isotherapic 12CH administered 5 drops BID.Beside the isopathyvitaminsof Bcomplex and Omega 3were prescribed.The cat was seen every15 days andcontact telephonically was kept as well. The treatment started on January 19th, 2021. On January 21st, 2021,all the tumour was ulcerated and looser. On February 2nd,2021 the potencywas changedto 14CH, 5 drops, BID. On February 4ththe tumour felt away and was sent for histopathological study. On February 20th, 2021,the result described it as a Fibrosarcoma grade II. The ulcer that appeared after the tumour felt away became a big wound and the ownerstarted cleaning itwith propolis and lavender oleateeveryday anditwas controlledonce a week. OnMarch31st, 2021,the catwas eating well,strong, not mild,didnot allowedit to be cleaned. The woundseems to be more superficial,largerand it appears thata small lump was growing again.Isotherapic 15CH, 5 drops once a weekwas indicated.On April4th, 2021,the cat waseating well, good general conditionand the small lump that was growing wasshrinkingand the wound becoming more superficial. OnApril 9th,2021the cat seems painful, not eating well, constipated. Isopathy was suspended and started with Meloxican0,1mg/kg SID for 3 days.Was indicatedNatrum muriaticum30CH, 5 drops every hour, total 3 treatments and then once a day. On April 13th, 2021,the cat was better, defecate. But since April 9ththe cat could never be stable again. It has ups and downs and was treated withdifferent homeopathic remedies (Natrum muriaticum30Ch, Silicea200CHand Silicea1000CH, Staphisagria 200CH)until June 8th, 2021,when it was euthanised.No necropsy was done. The question was,what happenedwith the catsince itwas getting better?The following aphorisms could explain it:§156 "...The restoration, however, leads to the goal of the cure, if it is not preventedby strange medicinal influence, by errors in the lifestyle or by passions." And§10"With no vital powerthe material organism is not capable of any sensation, function or self-preservation..."[2].The informed consent formwas obtained from the owner of the cat.

La isoprofilaxis no es homeoprofilaxisni inmunización homeopática, sino inmunización isopática, y no se fundamenta en el modelo epistemológico homeopático: respuesta a Golden (parte 1 de 2) / The isoprophylaxis is not homeoprophylaxis homeopathic immunization, but allopathic immunization, and not based on the homeopathic epistemological model response to Golden (part 1 of 2)

La Homeopatía puede utilizarse para la prevención de enfermedades epidémicas (homeoprofilaxis) siempre que los medicamentos sean escogidos individualmente, de acuerdo al ‘principio de semejanza sintomática’ y a la totalidad de los síntomas característicos de una epidemia dada (remedio del ‘genio epidémico’), como demuestran un gran número de ejemplos en la literatura. El uso de nosodes para prevención de epidemias (isoprofilaxis), es decir, escogidos en función del ‘principio de identidad etiológica’, con total omisión de la individualización sintomática y los estudios patogenésicos, no tiene fundamento en el modelo epistemológico homeopático. Hasta que no se disponga de evidencias científicas confiables que atestigüen su eficacia y seguridad, no es posible indicar el remplazo de las vacunas tradicionales por una ‘inmunización isopática’, pues representaría una contravención de los principios bioéticos de ‘beneficencia’ y ‘no-maleficencia’. Aunque es cierto que muchos homeópatas indican sistemáticamente tal remplazo, éste es criticado por instituciones homeopáticas de todo el mundo. En este artículo, discuto más extensamente aspectos epistemológicos, éticos y científicos de estas modalidades de profilaxis que abordé someramente en una revisión anterior...

Homeopathy might be employed for the prevention of epidemic diseases (homeoprophylaxis) provided remedies are selected on an individual basis in compliance with the ‘principle of symptom-based ilitude’ and according to the totality of symptoms peculiar to a given epidemic (remedy of the ‘epidemic genius’ or ‘genus epidemicus’), as countless examples in literature. The use of nosodes for the revention of epidemic diseases (isoprophylaxis), i.e., selected based on the ‘principle of etiological identity’ with full neglect of symptom-based individualization and pathogenetic trials, is not supported by the homeopathic epistemological model. As long as there are no reliable scientific evidences attesting to its efficacy and safety, ‘isopathic immunization’ might not be indicated as a regular placement of classical immunization, as it would mean a transgression of the bioethical principles of ‘beneficence’ and ‘non-maleficence’. Although many homeopathic practitioners systematically indicate that practice, it is condemned by homeopathic institutions worldwide. In this article, I elaborate on epistemological, ethical and scientific features of these disparate approaches to prophylaxis, which I had summarily addressed in a previous review...

La isoprofilaxis no es homeoprofilaxisni inmunización homeopática, sino inmunización isopática, y no se fundamenta en el modelo epistemológico homeopático: respuesta a Golden (parte 1 de 2) / The isoprophylaxis is not homeoprophylaxis homeopathic immunization, but allopathic immunization, and not based on the homeopathic epistemological model response to Golden (part 1 of 2)

La Homeopatía puede utilizarse para la prevención de enfermedades epidémicas (homeoprofilaxis) siempre que los medicamentos sean escogidos individualmente, de acuerdo al ‘principio de semejanza sintomática’ y a la totalidad de los síntomas característicos de una epidemia dada (remedio del ‘genio epidémico’), como demuestran un gran número de ejemplos en la literatura. El uso de nosodes para prevención de epidemias (isoprofilaxis), es decir, escogidos en función del ‘principio de identidad etiológica’, con total omisión de la individualización sintomática y los estudios patogenésicos, no tiene fundamento en el modelo epistemológico homeopático. Hasta que no se disponga de evidencias científicas confiables que atestigüen su eficacia y seguridad, no es posible indicar el remplazo de las vacunas tradicionales por una ‘inmunización isopática’, pues representaría una contravención de los principios bioéticos de ‘beneficencia’ y ‘no-maleficencia’. Aunque es cierto que muchos homeópatas indican sistemáticamente tal remplazo, éste es criticado por instituciones homeopáticas de todo el mundo. En este artículo, discuto más extensamente aspectos epistemológicos, éticos y científicos de estas modalidades de profilaxis que abordé someramente en una revisión anterior. (AU)

Homeopathy might be employed for the prevention of epidemic diseases (homeoprophylaxis) provided remedies are selected on an individual basis in compliance with the ‘principle of symptom-based ilitude’ and according to the totality of symptoms peculiar to a given epidemic (remedy of the ‘epidemic genius’ or ‘genus epidemicus’), as countless examples in literature. The use of nosodes for the revention of epidemic diseases (isoprophylaxis), i.e., selected based on the ‘principle of etiological identity’ with full neglect of symptom-based individualization and pathogenetic trials, is not supported by the homeopathic epistemological model. As long as there are no reliable scientific evidences attesting to its efficacy and safety, ‘isopathic immunization’ might not be indicated as a regular placement of classical immunization, as it would mean a transgression of the bioethical principles of ‘beneficence’ and ‘non-maleficence’. Although many homeopathic practitioners systematically indicate that practice, it is condemned by homeopathic institutions worldwide. In this article, I elaborate on epistemological, ethical and scientific features of these disparate approaches to prophylaxis, which I had summarily addressed in a previous review. (AU)

Avaliação da eficácia de produtos isoterápicos no controle de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus / Evaluation of the efficacy of products isoterapicos in control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por consideráveis perdas na pecuária brasileira. O controle desse parasita tem sido feito, principalmente, com o uso de carrapaticidas, sendo os isoterápicos uma alternativa para seu combate. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar a eficiência da utilização da isopatia como ferramenta de controle alternativo do carrapato-do-boi. Foram utilizadas 18 fêmeas bovinas de raça europeia, mantidas em sistema de pecuária extensiva, no município de Canguçu, Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (Lote A) e grupo tratado com isoterápico (Lote B). O sal mineral foi utilizado como veículo para a administração da isopatia, sendo que o Lote A recebeu sal mineral com placebo (açúcar) e o Lote B sal mineral com isopatia. Os animais foram infestados artificialmente com 10 mil larvas deR. (B.) microplus , e no 20º, 21º e 22º dias pós-infestação, foram realizadas contagem e coleta de fêmeas ingurgitadas. As teleóginas de cada lote foram divididas ao acaso em nove grupos de dez indivíduos para análise dos parâmetros biológicos e posterior cálculo do Índice Nutricional e Índice de Eficácia Reprodutiva. Para comparação da média de teleóginas de cada grupo, foi empregada análise de variância e Teste LSD. Os bovinos tratados com isopatia apresentaram uma redução de 53,4% do número médio de teleóginas, quando comparados com o grupo não tratado (p = 0,001). Quanto aos padrões biológicos, não houve diferença estatística. Conclui-se que o uso de isopatia foi capaz de reduzir a infestação de R.(B.) microplus , mostrando-se uma alternativa promissora para o controle deste ixodídeo.(AU)

The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus is responsible for considerable losses in Brazilian cattle. The control of such parasites has been done mainly with the use of acaricides, and the isopathy is an alternative. The objective of this work is to analyze the efficiency of the use of isopathy as an alternative tool to control the cattle tick. We used 18 cows of the European race, kept in extensive livestock system in the municipality of Canguçu, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The animals were divided into control group (Lot A) and group treated with isopathy (Lot B). Mineral salt was used as a vehicle for the administration of isopathy, Lot A received mineral salt with placebo (sugar) and Lot B received mineral salt with isopathy. The animals were artificially infested with 10 thousand larvae of R. (B.) microplus , and in the days 20, 21 and 22 post-infestation engorged females were counted and collected. The ticks from each batch were randomly divided into nine groups of ten subjects each for analysis of biological parameters and subsequent calculation of the Nutritional Index and the Effectiveness Reproductive Index. For comparison of average engorged females from each group were employed ANOVA and LSD Test. The animals treated with isopathy showed a 53.4% reduction in the average number of ticks when compared with the untreated group (p = 0.001). As for biological standards, there was no statistical difference. It is concluded that the use of isopathy was able to reduce infestation of R. (B.) microplus , showing up as a promising alternative to control this ticks.(AU)

Isotherapic for the control of the cattle tick

Parasitism constitutes one of the major problems that affect the livestock. Commercial acaricides can propitiate drug resistance and residues in the environment and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the control of cattle ticks by using the isotherapics. These drugs were prepared using Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The dilution and agitations were performed according to the homeopathic pharmacopoeia. By the immersion technique of adults, 50 teleogines were distributed into five treatments: 12cH and 32cH isotherapic, negative control, positive (ivermectin 1%) and vehicle control. The results were evaluated by the rate of mortality, egg production, hatchability rate, estimated reproduction, and the efficacy of the products. In addition, 16 Jersey females cows were subjected to 15mL pour on, of the following treatments: 12cH and 32cH isotherapic and vehicle control. The count of ticks was performed by the simple method on days 0, 15, 21, 42, 63, 84 and 105, post treatments. It was used the Wilcoxon test and Bonferroni method. Both isotherapics treatments showed efficacy at in vitro tests. The 12cH medication presented better results: 10% of mortality rate on the first day of life, maintaining 20% from the second to the 13th day. Additionally, it was observed 20% of egg production, hatching rate of 0.0038% and 99.39% of product effectiveness. However, the in vivo tests showed no satisfactory results for these evaluated conditions, although it was verified a tendency to decreasing the infestation.

Ação dos medicamentos homeopáticos Arnica montana, Gelsemium sempervirens, Belladonna, Mercurius solubillis e nosódio sobre o crescimento in vitro da bactéria Streptococcus pyogenes / Action of homeopathic medicines Arnica montana, Gelsemium sempervirens,Belladonna, Mercurius solubillis and nosode on in vitro growth of Streptococcus pyogenes

Introdução: As bactérias são os micro-organismos com maior potencial patogênico para o ser humano. As infecções causadas por elas são na sua maioria graves e devem ser tratadas com drogas antibacterianas. Uma dessas bactérias patogênicas é Streptococcus pyogenes, causadora de diversas infecções, incluindo amigdalite, erisipela e ndocardite, sendo que em alguns pacientes ocorre febre reumática como complicação pós-infecção. Diversos trabalhos na literatura demonstram efeitos biológicos em bactérias após contato com soluções ultra-diluídas. Embasados nessas informações, propusemos avaliar o efeito dos medicamentos homeopáticos Belladonna (Bell), Mercurius solubillis (Merc), Gelsemium sempervirens (Gels) e nosódio de S. pyogenes no crescimento in vitro da bactéria S. pyogenes. Arnica montana (Arn) foi usado no presente trabalho como controle, por não ser, aparentemente, indicada no tratamento de infecções bacterianas. Materiais e métodos: Os medicamentos foram utilizados nas diluições de 12cH e 30cH, nas concentrações de 2, 4 e 6 gotas em 3 mL de meio BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) com 100µL da bactérias na concentração 0,5 da escala de McFarland. A solução foi incubada a 37ºC por 20 horas e submetida à leitura em espectrofotômetro a 600nm. Resultados: Os medicamentos nosódio e Bell nas diluições 12cH e 30cH com 2, 4 ou 6 gotas inibiram significativamente o crescimento in vitro de S. pyogenes, enquanto Arn 30cH na concentração de 6 gotas estimulou esse crescimento. Conclusão: Medicamentos homeopáticos podem ter ação sobre o crescimento in vitro de bactérias, sendo que essa ação pode estar relacionada a sua aplicação clínica.

Introduction: Bacteria are the microorganisms with greatest pathogenic potential for human beings. The infections caused by bacteria are usually serious and require treatment with antibacterial drugs. One of such pathogenic bacteria is Streptococcus pyogenes, which is associated with several infections diseases, including tonsillitis, erysipela and endocarditis, being that rheumatic fever might occur as a post-infection complication. There are records in the literature of biological effects in bacteria subjected to ultra-diluted solutions. On those grounds, we sought to test the effects of homeopathic medicines Belladonna (Bell), Mercurius solubillis (Merc), Gelsemium sempervirens (Gels) and S. pyogenes nosode on the in vitro growth of S. pyogenes. Arnica montana (Arn) was used as control, as it is believed not to have any effect in the treatment of infections. Materials and methods: The homeopathic medicines were used in dilutions 12cH and 30cH in concentration 2, 4 and 6 drops/3 mL of BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) with 100 µL of bacteria in concentration 0.5 McFarland scale. The solution was incubated at 37 ºC for 20 hours and read in spectrophotometer at 600 nm. Results: Medicines nosode and Bell in dilution 12cH and 30cH and concentration 2, 4 and 6 drops induced significant inhibition of the in vitro growth of S. pyogenes; Arn30cH in concentration 6 drops promoted bacterial growth. Conclusion: Homeopathic medicines might have an action on the in vitro growth of bacteria, which might be related with their clinical applications.

Ação dos medicamentos homeopáticos Arnica montana, Gelsemium sempervirens, Belladonna, Mercurius solubillis e nosódio sobre o crescimento in vitro da bactéria Streptococcus pyogenes / Action of homeopathic medicines Arnica montana, Gelsemium sempervirens,Belladonna, Mercurius solubillis and nosode on in vitro growth of Streptococcus pyogenes

Introdução: As bactérias são os micro-organismos com maior potencial patogênico para o ser humano. As infecções causadas por elas são na sua maioria graves e devem ser tratadas com drogas antibacterianas. Uma dessas bactérias patogênicas é Streptococcus pyogenes, causadora de diversas infecções, incluindo amigdalite, erisipela e ndocardite, sendo que em alguns pacientes ocorre febre reumática como complicação pós-infecção. Diversos trabalhos na literatura demonstram efeitos biológicos em bactérias após contato com soluções ultra-diluídas. Embasados nessas informações, propusemos avaliar o efeito dos medicamentos homeopáticos Belladonna (Bell), Mercurius solubillis (Merc), Gelsemium sempervirens (Gels) e nosódio de S. pyogenes no crescimento in vitro da bactéria S. pyogenes. Arnica montana (Arn) foi usado no presente trabalho como controle, por não ser, aparentemente, indicada no tratamento de infecções bacterianas. Materiais e métodos: Os medicamentos foram utilizados nas diluições de 12cH e 30cH, nas concentrações de 2, 4 e 6 gotas em 3 mL de meio BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) com 100µL da bactérias na concentração 0,5 da escala de McFarland. A solução foi incubada a 37ºC por 20 horas e submetida à leitura em espectrofotômetro a 600nm. Resultados: Os medicamentos nosódio e Bell nas diluições 12cH e 30cH com 2, 4 ou 6 gotas inibiram significativamente o crescimento in vitro de S. pyogenes, enquanto Arn 30cH na concentração de 6 gotas estimulou esse crescimento. Conclusão: Medicamentos homeopáticos podem ter ação sobre o crescimento in vitro de bactérias, sendo que essa ação pode estar relacionada a sua aplicação clínica. (AU)

Introduction: Bacteria are the microorganisms with greatest pathogenic potential for human beings. The infections caused by bacteria are usually serious and require treatment with antibacterial drugs. One of such pathogenic bacteria is Streptococcus pyogenes, which is associated with several infections diseases, including tonsillitis, erysipela and endocarditis, being that rheumatic fever might occur as a post-infection complication. There are records in the literature of biological effects in bacteria subjected to ultra-diluted solutions. On those grounds, we sought to test the effects of homeopathic medicines Belladonna (Bell), Mercurius solubillis (Merc), Gelsemium sempervirens (Gels) and S. pyogenes nosode on the in vitro growth of S. pyogenes. Arnica montana (Arn) was used as control, as it is believed not to have any effect in the treatment of infections. Materials and methods: The homeopathic medicines were used in dilutions 12cH and 30cH in concentration 2, 4 and 6 drops/3 mL of BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) with 100 µL of bacteria in concentration 0.5 McFarland scale. The solution was incubated at 37 ºC for 20 hours and read in spectrophotometer at 600 nm. Results: Medicines nosode and Bell in dilution 12cH and 30cH and concentration 2, 4 and 6 drops induced significant inhibition of the in vitro growth of S. pyogenes; Arn30cH in concentration 6 drops promoted bacterial growth. Conclusion: Homeopathic medicines might have an action on the in vitro growth of bacteria, which might be related with their clinical applications. (AU)

Isotherapic for the control of the cattle tick

Parasitism constitutes one of the major problems that affect the livestock. Commercial acaricides can propitiate drug resistance and residues in the environment and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the control of cattle ticks by using the isotherapics. These drugs were prepared using Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The dilution and agitations were performed according to the homeopathic pharmacopoeia. By the immersion technique of adults, 50 teleogines were distributed into five treatments: 12cH and 32cH isotherapic, negative control, positive (ivermectin 1%) and vehicle control. The results were evaluated by the rate of mortality, egg production, hatchability rate, estimated reproduction, and the efficacy of the products. In addition, 16 Jersey females cows were subjected to 15mL pour on, of the following treatments: 12cH and 32cH isotherapic and vehicle control. The count of ticks was performed by the simple method on days 0, 15, 21, 42, 63, 84 and 105, post treatments. It was used the Wilcoxon test and Bonferroni method. Both isotherapics treatments showed efficacy at in vitro tests. The 12cH medication presented better results: 10% of mortality rate on the first day of life, maintaining 20% from the second to the 13th day. Additionally, it was observed 20% of egg production, hatching rate of 0.0038% and 99.39% of product effectiveness. However, the in vivo tests showed no satisfactory results for these evaluated conditions, although it was verified a tendency to decreasing the infestation.(AU)

Homeopatía: ¿un enfoque preventivo de la medicina? / Homeopathy: a preventive approach to medicine?

Aplicando el principio de similitud terapéutica, la Homeopatía busca estimular alorganismo para que reaccione en contra de su propia perturbación. Para que losmedicamentos homeopáticos puedan despertar respuestas homeostáticas eficacesdeben ser individualizados, esto significa que deben ser elegidos en función desu similitud con el conjunto de síntomas característicos de los pacientes. De estamanera, teniendo el propósito de disminuir la susceptibilidad individual que predispone a la enfermedad, los medicamentos homeopáticos curan y generan efectospreventivos en muchas enfermedades humanas. Por otra parte, los medicamentos homeopáticos pueden tener indicaciones específicas en el tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades epidémicas, con la condición de que también se elijan de acuerdo con el conjunto particular de síntomas peculiares de una epidemia determinada, a saber, el llamado “genio epidémico”, como lo muestran varios ejemplos históricos. En este trabajo se analiza la actualización de las bases epistemológicas de la Homeopatía de Hahnemann desde el enfoque médico preventivo, las evidencias científicas que apoyan su aplicación clínica y los requisitos mínimos para emplearla tanto terapéutica como preventivamente en las epidemias.

By applying the principle of therapeutic similarity, homeopathy seeks to stimulate theorganism to react against its own disturbs. For homeopathic medicines to awakeneffective homeostasis responses they must be individualized, this means that itmust be chosen according to their similarity to the set of characteristic symptoms inpatients. In this way, by aiming at decreasing individual susceptibility predisposingto disease, homeopathic medicines have healing and preventive effects in many human illnesses. On the other hand, homeopathic medicines may have specificindications in the treatment and prevention of epidemic diseases provided they arealso chosen according to the particular set of symptoms peculiar to a given epidemic,viz. the so-called “epidemic genius”, as historical examples show. This updatepaper discusses the epistemological foundations of Hahnemann‟s homeopathyas a preventive medical approach, the scientific evidences supporting its clinicalapplication and the minimum requirements to employ it both therapeutically andpreventively in epidemics.

Homeopatía: ¿un enfoque preventivo de la medicina? / Homeopathy: a preventive approach to medicine?

Aplicando el principio de similitud terapéutica, la Homeopatía busca estimular alorganismo para que reaccione en contra de su propia perturbación. Para que losmedicamentos homeopáticos puedan despertar respuestas homeostáticas eficacesdeben ser individualizados, esto significa que deben ser elegidos en función desu similitud con el conjunto de síntomas característicos de los pacientes. De estamanera, teniendo el propósito de disminuir la susceptibilidad individual que predispone a la enfermedad, los medicamentos homeopáticos curan y generan efectospreventivos en muchas enfermedades humanas. Por otra parte, los medicamentos homeopáticos pueden tener indicaciones específicas en el tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades epidémicas, con la condición de que también se elijan de acuerdo con el conjunto particular de síntomas peculiares de una epidemia determinada, a saber, el llamado “genio epidémico”, como lo muestran varios ejemplos históricos. En este trabajo se analiza la actualización de las bases epistemológicas de la Homeopatía de Hahnemann desde el enfoque médico preventivo, las evidencias científicas que apoyan su aplicación clínica y los requisitos mínimos para emplearla tanto terapéutica como preventivamente en las epidemias. (AU)

By applying the principle of therapeutic similarity, homeopathy seeks to stimulate theorganism to react against its own disturbs. For homeopathic medicines to awakeneffective homeostasis responses they must be individualized, this means that itmust be chosen according to their similarity to the set of characteristic symptoms inpatients. In this way, by aiming at decreasing individual susceptibility predisposingto disease, homeopathic medicines have healing and preventive effects in many human illnesses. On the other hand, homeopathic medicines may have specificindications in the treatment and prevention of epidemic diseases provided they arealso chosen according to the particular set of symptoms peculiar to a given epidemic,viz. the so-called “epidemic genius”, as historical examples show. This updatepaper discusses the epistemological foundations of Hahnemann‟s homeopathyas a preventive medical approach, the scientific evidences supporting its clinicalapplication and the minimum requirements to employ it both therapeutically andpreventively in epidemics. (AU)

Isoterápico de Culex sobre o ciclo biológico domosquito Culex sp / Isotherapic of Culex on the biological cycle of the mosquito Culex sp

Introduction: Culex is an insect of the family Culicidae. It occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. It is known as the domestic mosquito. Their larvae develop in stagnant and dirty water, with plenty of organic matter. Some species of the insect such as Culex quinquefasciatus transmit the worms (helminths) called Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis or Elephantiasis.(AU)

Introdução: O Culex é um inseto da família Culicidae. Ele ocorre em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Éconhecido como mosquito doméstico. Suas larvas se desenvolvem em água parada e suja, com muita matériaorgânica. Algumas espécies do inseto, como Culex quinquefasciatus transmite os vermes (helmintos) chamadoWuchereria bancrofti filiarose ou Elefantíase.(AU)

Efeito de bioterápico T. cruzi 7x em diferentes esquemas terapêuticos sobre a infeção experimental pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. / Effect of biotherapy T. cruzi 7x in several therapeutic schemes on experimental infection by Trypanosoma cruzi.

Background: Biotherapy is used against infectious diseases treatment and prophylaxis and has been investigated by many researchers [1,2]. Aim: Assess the effect of biotherapy 7x T. cruzi on several treatment schemes, upon experimental infection by T. cruzi.Conclusions: Best effect was obtained TBBA7x3days, both for clinical and parasitological parameters. It?s possible to speculate that in this regimen, biotherapy was able to modulate, more effectively, the host?s immune system, decreasing the number of parasites.(AU)

Introdução: A utilização de bioterápicos para o tratamento e profilaxia de doenças infecciosas, como doença de Chagas, tem sido investigado por diversos pesquisadores [1,2]. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do bioterápico 7x de T. cruzi em diferentes esquemas de tratamento, na infecção experimental pelo T. cruzi.Conclusões: O melhor efeito foi obtido com o grupo TBAD7x3dias, para parâmetros clínicos e parasitológicos, sendo possível especular que neste esquema o bioterápico foi capaz de modular, de forma mais eficaz, o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro, diminuindo o número de parasitos.(AU)

Efeito de medicamentos homeopáticos, isoterápicos e substâncias dinamizadas em plantas: revisão bibliográfica / Effect of homeopathic, isopathic and highly diluted substances in plants: bibliographical review

A homeopatia é uma técnica aceita pelas normas brasileiras para manejo de doenças e pragas na produção orgânica de alimentos. Vários grupos de pesquisadores têm conduzido, nos últimos anos, trabalhos de pesquisa sobre o efeito de medicamentos homeopáticos e substâncias em altas diluições em vegetais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados obtidos em 70 trabalhos encontrados na revisão, enfocando o efeito de isoterápicos, medicamentos homeopáticos e outras substâncias em altas diluições sobre plantas. Em cerca de 73 por cento dos trabalhos, os autores relataram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre pelo menos um dos tratamentos preparados segundo a técnica homeopática (seja um medicamento homeopático, um isoterápico ou uma substância em altas diluições) e o controle. Observou-se uma grande diversidade em relação ao modelo experimental utilizado pelos autores e em relação aos tratamentos avaliados. Em relação aos modelos estudados, os trabalhos analisados podem, de uma forma geral, ser divididos nos seguintes grupos: efeito sobre germinação e crescimento de plântulas, sobre plantas sadias, sobre plantas submetidas a estresse abiótico, sobre microrganismos e modelos fitopatológicos/fitossanitários.

Homeopathy is a technology accepted by Brazilian rulings on the management of disease plagues in organic production of foodstuff. Several groups of researchers carried out in recent years researches on the effect of homeopathic medicines and highly diluted substances on plants. The aim of this article is to present the results obtained from 70 articles found in a review of literature focusing on the effect of isopathic and homeopathic medicines as well as other highly diluted substances in plants. In about 73 percent of articles, authors reported statiscally significant difference between at least one of the treatments prepared according to the homeopathic.

Efeito de medicamentos homeopáticos, isoterápicos e substâncias dinamizadas em plantas: revisão bibliográfica / Effect of homeopathic, isopathic and highly diluted substances in plants: bibliographical review

A homeopatia é uma técnica aceita pelas normas brasileiras para manejo de doenças e pragas na produção orgânica de alimentos. Vários grupos de pesquisadores têm conduzido, nos últimos anos, trabalhos de pesquisa sobre o efeito de medicamentos homeopáticos e substâncias em altas diluições em vegetais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados obtidos em 70 trabalhos encontrados na revisão, enfocando o efeito de isoterápicos, medicamentos homeopáticos e outras substâncias em altas diluições sobre plantas. Em cerca de 73% dos trabalhos, os autores relataram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre pelo menos um dos tratamentos preparados segundo a técnica homeopática (seja um medicamento homeopático, um isoterápico ou uma substância em altas diluições) e o controle. Observou-se uma grande diversidade em relação ao modelo experimental utilizado pelos autores e em relação aos tratamentos avaliados. Em relação aos modelos estudados, os trabalhos analisados podem, de uma forma geral, ser divididos nos seguintes grupos: efeito sobre germinação e crescimento de plântulas, sobre plantas sadias, sobre plantas submetidas a estresse abiótico, sobre microrganismos e modelos fitopatológicos/fitossanitários.(AU)

Homeopathy is a technology accepted by Brazilian rulings on the management of disease plagues in organic production of foodstuff. Several groups of researchers carried out in recent years researches on the effect of homeopathic medicines and highly diluted substances on plants. The aim of this article is to present the results obtained from 70 articles found in a review of literature focusing on the effect of isopathic and homeopathic medicines as well as other highly diluted substances in plants. In about 73% of articles, authors reported statiscally significant difference between at least one of the treatments prepared according to the homeopathic.(AU)

Auto-isoterápico de sangue: preparação e uso clínico / Blood auto-isotherapy: preparation and clinical use

Justificativa: A isoterapia é um método terapêutico que consiste na administração ao doente da substância que provocou os sintomas mórbidos. Quando o fator causal é o próprio indivíduo, o chamamos de autoisoterápico. É uma forma terapêutica utilizadahá muitos anos, com resultados de sucesso, porém, muito pouco sistematizada,dificultando o acesso dos homeopatas a sua aplicação na clínica.

Auto-isoterápico de sangue: preparação e uso clínico / Blood auto-isotherapy: preparation and clinical use

Justificativa: A isoterapia é um método terapêutico que consiste na administração ao doente da substância que provocou os sintomas mórbidos. Quando o fator causal é o próprio indivíduo, o chamamos de autoisoterápico. É uma forma terapêutica utilizadahá muitos anos, com resultados de sucesso, porém, muito pouco sistematizada,dificultando o acesso dos homeopatas a sua aplicação na clínica.

Effect of biotherapic of alternaria solani on the early blight of tomato-plant and the in vitro development of the fungus / Efeito do bioterápico de alternaria solani na pinta-preta em tomateiros e no desenvolvimento in vitro de fungos / Efecto del bioterápico de Alternaria solani e el tizón temprano del tomate y desarrollo in vitro del hongo

Background: homeopathy is a means permitted in organic agriculture to control disease and plagues; biotherapics are a practical means for farmers to intervene on the health of plants in agro-ecological systems of production. Aims: to establish whether a biotherapic of A. solani may interfere on the in vitro development of the fungus and whether it affects the severity of early blight on tomato-plants in greenhouse. Methods: the effect of the biotherapic on the fungus was evaluated through the percentage of germinated spores under microscope and the growth of colonies in a culture medium. Treatments used were: biotherapic 26cH, 27cH, 28cH, 29cH and 30cH; sterilized distilled water; and diluted and agitated hydroalcoholic solution. The effect of the biotherapic on the development of disease was evaluated in 4 experiments in greenhouse. Plants were kept in vases and subjected to artificial inoculation of the fungus after the application of treatments. Evaluation of disease was carried out through diagrammatic scale. Results: no treatment affected the germination of spores or the development of fungus colonies in the culture medium. In the first test, treatment 26cH differed from water in Tukey?s test at 5% but did not differed from diluted and agitated hydroalcoholic solution. In the second test, treatments 27cH and 28cH showed significant difference from both water and hydroalcoholic solution with an average control of disease of 57% and 62% respectively. The other 2 tests did nor exhibit any significant effect. Conclusions: there was no direct effect of the biotherapic on the fungus, but there was an effect on the severity of the disease. Factors affecting the efficiency of the biotherapic must be better understood before it can be recommended to farmers for the management of early blight in tomato-plants.

Introdução: a homeopatia é um recurso permitido na agricultura orgânica, para o controle de doenças e pragas; bioterápicos constituem numa maneira prática para produtores intervirem na saúde de plantes, em sistemas de produção agro-ecológico. Plantas de tomate podem ser afetadas por várias doenças [...] Objetivos: verificar se o bioterápico A. solani pode interferer no desenvolvimento in vitro do fungo e se afeta a severidade da pinta-preta em plantas de tomates produzidas em estufa. Metodos: o efeito do bioterápico sobre o fungo foi avaliado através da porcentagem de esporos germinados, observados por microscopia e pelo crescimento de colônias em meio de cultura. Os tratamentos usados foram: bioterápico 26cH, 27cH, 28cH, 29cH e 30cH; água deslitada esterelizada; solução hidroalcoólica diluída e agitada. O efeito do bioterápico no desenvolvimento da doença foi avaliado em 4 experimentos realizados em estufa. As plantas foram mantidas em vasos e submetidas à inoculação artificial do fungo, após a aplicação dos tratamentos. A doença foi avaliada usando-se escalas diagramáticas. Resultados: nenhum tratamento afetou a germinação de esporos ou o desenvolvimento de colônias de fungos, em meio de cultura. No primeiro experimento, o tratamento 26cH diferiu da água (teste de Tukey a 5%) mas não da solução hidroalcoólica diluída e agitada. No segundo, os tratamentos 27cH e 28cH apresentam diferenças significativas tanto em relação à água quanto à solução hidroalcoólica, com um controle da doença da ordem de 57% e 62% respectamente. Os outros 2 experimentos não apresentaram efeitos significativos. Conclusões: não há efeito direto do bioterápico no fungo, porém existe diferença na severidade da doença. Os fatores que afetam a eficiência do bioterápico devem ser melhor entendidos, antes de que sejam recomendados aos produtores, para o controle da pinta-preta em tomateiros.

Introducción: la garrapata del ganado Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus produce serios problemas a los hacenderos brasileños especialmente porque desarrolla rápidamente resistencia a los agentes pesticidas. Por este motivo, asociado a otros factores como contaminación ambiental, humana y animal y los costos, se buscan abordajes alternativos. Objetivos: este estudio buscó evaluar la eficiencia de un bioterápico preparado de garrapatas en vacas infestadas. Métodos: 34 vacas lecheras de raza holandesa fueron divididas en 2 grupos; uno recibió 100 mg/día de suplemento mineral impregnado con bioterápico 12cH durante 6 meses y después, en días alternados hasta completar 28 meses de tratamiento; el otro recibió apenas el suplemento mineral (control). Después de 28 meses de tratamiento, garrapatas hembra ingurgitadas fueron recogidas en ambos grupos, contadas y pesadas; fueron realizados pruebas in vitro para medir la masa de garrapatas; la masa de huevos, la tasa de eclosión de huevos y la eficiencia reproductiva. Resultados: hubo diferencias significativas entre los 2 grupos en todos los parámetros evaluados ? masa de garrapatas (p=0,0008), masa de huevos (p=0,0044), tasa de eclosión de huevos (p=0,0017) y eficiencia reproductiva (p=0,0044). Conclusión: el tratamiento con bioterápico de garrapata redujo significativamente la masa de hembras ingurgitadas y la deposición y eclosión de huevos, resultando en disminución de la eficacia reproductiva de las garrapatas.

Putative protective effect of Cadmium chloride high diluted solution on LLC-PK1 cell intoxicated by high concentration of this same metal: an isopathic in vitro assay

Cadmium is an important toxic environmental heavy metal. Several studies have demonstrated that a major site of cadmium toxicity in humans and in other animals is the proximal tubule of the kidney. A well established model for nefrotoxicity is the use of in vitro technique with proximal tubule epithelial cell lines, as LLC-PK1. Herein, we have the intention to study the possible protective effect of high diluted CdCl2 solutions. In a blinding way, LLC-PK1 cells were pre-treated with high diluted cadmium chloride in the potencies 10 cH, 15 cH and 20cH. After 4 days, these cells have received CdCl2 in a pre-determined toxic concentration. The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. We have identified a protective effect of two CdCl2 high diluted solutions, 10 cH and 20 cH, when cells were intoxicated by sublethal CdCl2 concentration. The results indicate that probably the high dilutions have an expressive action on cells in sublethal intoxication.

O Cádmio é um contaminante ambiental relevante. Muitos estudos demonstram que o sítio de toxicidade em humanos e outros animais é o túbulo proximal do rim. Um modelo bem estabelecido para nefrotoxicidade é o uso de técnicas in vitro com linhagens de células epiteliais do túbulo proximal, conhecidas por LLC-PK1. Assim, nossa proposta foi a de estudar os eventuais efeitos protetores de uma alta diluição de CdCl2. Em um ensaio cego, células LLC_PK1 foram pré-tratadas com altas diluições de cloreto de cádmio nas diluições 10 cH, 15 cH e 20 cH. Após 4 dias, estas células receberam CdCl2 em uma concentração tóxica, previamente deteminada. A viabilidade cellular foi estudada por ensaios MTT. Observamos um efeito protetor para duas altas diluições de CdCl2, 10 cH e 20 cH, quando as células foram intoxicadas por concentrações subletais de CdCl2. Estes resultados indicam a possibilidade de que altas diluições tenham ação expressiva em células, em intoxicações subletais.

El Cádmio es un metal pesado com relevante acción tóxica en el medio ambiente. Varios estudios han demostrado que un sitio importante de la toxicidad del cadmio en los humanos y en otros animales es el túbulo proximal del riñón. Un modelo bien establecido de nefrotoxicidad es el uso de la técnica in vitro con células epiteliales del túbulo proximal, como las LLC-PK1. Estudiamos el posible efecto protector de soluciones altamente diluidas de CdCl2. Com uma metodologia em ciego, las células LLC-PK1 fueron pre-tratados con cloruro de cadmio altamente diluídos en las potencias 10 cH, 15 cH y 20 cH. Después de 4 días, estas células han recibido CdCl2 en una concentración tóxica predeterminado. La viabilidad celular se evaluó por el ensayo MTT. Hemos identificado un efecto protector de dos soluciones de altamente diluída de CdCl2, 10 cH y 20 cH, cuando las células se intoxicaron por concentración CdCl2 subletales. Los resultados indican que probablemente las altas diluciones tienen una acción expresiva en las células, en la intoxicación subletal.